Blockchain Frontier Technology

Decentralized Storage in Smart City Data Infrastructure SWOT Analysis

Rani Nuraeni — 2025-10-15

The rapid growth of data volume and complexity in modern urban environments has created a critical need for storage systems that are secure, scalable, and resilient. This background emphasizes the urgency of adaptive data infrastructure to support smart city development. This study aims to provide a comprehensive SWOT analysis of decentralized storage in strengthening smart city data infrastructure. A qualitative descriptive-analytical approach is employed, using systematic literature review and document analysis to identify key internal and external strategic factors. The findings reveal key strengths, including enhanced data security, high resilience, and scalability. However, weaknesses such as implementation complexity, latency issues, and dependency on network stability are also noted. Opportunities lie in the integration with Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, growing public awareness of data privacy, and emerging collaborative economic models. Meanwhile, threats include regulatory ambiguity, lack of standardization, and evolving cybersecurity risks. This study contributes a strategic framework to assist policymakers, urban planners, and technology stakeholders in integrating decentralized storage systems into smart city architectures. In alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), the research highlights the importance of secure, inclusive, and adaptive digital infrastructure in advancing sustainable urban development.

Utilizing IPFS for Decentralized Data Storage a Security and Censorship Resistance Solution

Herman Herman — 2025-10-17

This study explores the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) as a decentralized storage solution aimed at reducing dependence on centralized cloud systems. The research analyzes how the integration of IPFS with blockchain and smart contracts can enhance data security, maintain data availability, and minimize censorship risks in digital environments. This topic is relevant because centralized storage still places control in a single point, creating vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, unauthorized access, and failures caused by system dependency. Although several studies have discussed IPFS in different contexts, there is a clear gap in the absence of a structured comparative explanation showing how IPFS, blockchain, and smart contracts operate together in decentralized data governance. Using a qualitative literature review from reputable academic sources, this study synthesizes existing findings into a clearer conceptual mapping. The novelty lies in the development of a comparative matrix that unifies previous technical insights, providing a more accessible understanding of how decentralized technologies support secure and censorship-resistant data ecosystems. The results indicate that IPFS preserves data authenticity through cryptographic hashing, improves data availability through distributed replication, and reduces censorship risks because access does not depend on a central authority. However, several challenges remain, including latency, uneven node distribution, and the difficulty of fully removing stored data. Overall, the study concludes that IPFS shows strong potential for future digital infrastructure, yet its adoption requires strategic planning, supportive policies, and gradual implementation to ensure sustainability and operational effectiveness across diverse technological environments.

Decentralized Data Storage Using IPFS for Sustainable Blockchain Availability Improvement

Aswadi Jaya — 2024-11-20

The rapid expansion of digital ecosystems has highlighted the limitations of centralized data storage systems, which often struggle with data loss, censorship, and single points of failure. To address these challenges, this study explores the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) as a decentralized data management solution that enhances security, availability, and sustainability in distributed information environments. Using the IPFS-KI framework, a descriptive qualitative methodology, this research examines the architectural design, operational mechanisms, and real-world implementations of IPFS. Through literature analysis, node simulations, and case based evaluation, the study investigates IPFS performance in maintaining data integrity, fault tolerance, and resilience against network disruptions and censorship. The findings reveal that IPFS provides improved data reliability, transparency, and scalability compared to conventional centralized architectures, although certain limitations remain in terms of node stability and hidden centralization. This study contributes to a broader understanding of how decentralized storage technologies like IPFS can support the development of more secure, equitable, and sustainable digital infrastructures.

Development of Blockchain Based System for Secure Student Data Management

Ariesya Aprillia — 2025-12-09

Student data management in Indonesian higher education institutions continues to face challenges such as data duplication, academic record manipulation, limited transparency, and weak interoperability caused by centralized databases. These issues hinder institutional credibility, administrative efficiency, and trusted academic governance. This study aims to conceptually develop a blockchain based framework to enhance data integrity, transparency, and efficiency in student data management. Using a qualitative descriptive and comparative approach, the research analyzes existing blockchain models and integrates technological and managerial perspectives to design a permissioned blockchain system supported by smart contracts. The proposed framework focuses on automating academic data validation, strengthening access control, and enabling secure inter-institutional data exchange. Comparative findings indicate that blockchain offers immutability, traceability, and accountability, positioning it as a transformative innovation for academic governance. The study provides a conceptual foundation for universities and policymakers to adopt secure and interoperable blockchain-based academic data systems aligned with Indonesia digital transformation agenda in higher education. Future research is recommended to simulate or pilot the model for practical evaluation and implementation.

Distributed Data Integrity and Decentralized Storage Leveraging IPFS in Blockchain Systems

Ahmad Gunawan — 2025-12-22

In the digital era that increasingly relies on distributed systems, data integrity has become a major challenge for various technological platforms, ranging from cloud services to blockchain-based infrastructures. The dispersion of data across multiple nodes without centralized oversight increases the risk of manipulation, loss, and inconsistency. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) as a distributed data storage solution capable of maintaining data integrity in an automatic, efficient, and verifiable manner. The research method involves a literature review of 30 scientific references and a case study-based simulation conducted within a local network consisting of four active IPFS nodes. The tests include file uploads, verification of Content Identifiers (CID), simulation of node failures, and evaluation of system performance based on parameters such as security, efficiency, and scalability. The results indicate that IPFS successfully detects file changes through CID discrepancies, ensures continued data access despite node failures, and optimizes bandwidth usage via caching and replication mechanisms. In conclusion, IPFS offers a secure, scalable, and tamper-resistant approach to distributed data storage, making it highly relevant for modern digital systems requiring transparency, reliability, and strong data integrity guarantees.

Blockchain Integration to Enhance Federated Learning Model Integrity

Yane Devi Anna — 2026-01-07

Federated Learning is a distributed machine learning approach that enables model training without transferring raw data, thereby preserving user privacy. To improve conciseness, overlapping explanations of FL’s privacy benefits across the Abstract, Introduction, and Literature Review have been consolidated, highlighting its importance in sensitive domains while removing redundancy. This allows greater emphasis on the study’s novelty, particularly the Smart Contract design featuring multi-layer verification and reputation checking mechanisms. Despite its advantages, FL faces significant challenges related to model integrity, including parameter manipulation, model poisoning attacks, and limited trust among participating nodes. This study explores the integration of blockchain technology to address these issues. Leveraging decentralization, immutability, and transparency, blockchain is used to validate model updates, record contributions, and manage node reputation. The study employs a literature review and technical architecture design for a blockchain-integrated FL system. The results indicate that blockchain implementation enhances the reliability and security of FL training, especially in low-trust environments, with strong relevance for healthcare, finance, and IoT applications.

Comparative Analysis of Cloud Storage Architectures for Scalability and Security

Fitri Nurdianingsih — 2026-01-08

This study compares the scalability and security of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and traditional cloud storage platforms. As global data traffic continues to rise, traditional centralized cloud services, like AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage, face increasing challenges in terms of scalability, security, and data sovereignty. In contrast, IPFS offers a decentralized, content-addressed storage model that enhances data integrity and resilience. This research uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including a literature review, performance benchmarking, and security assessments. The evaluation involved testing various file sizes, monitoring data availability over seven days, and conducting fault tolerance simulations. The findings reveal that traditional cloud platforms provide stable, predictable performance, low latency, and high availability, making them suitable for enterprise applications. However, IPFS, with its decentralized architecture, excels in ensuring data integrity and resilience in distributed environments, although it experiences performance variability and lacks built-in encryption and access control. These factors make IPFS less viable in regulated settings. The study concludes that IPFS and traditional cloud storage should not be seen as alternatives, but as complementary systems. A hybrid approach, combining the strengths of both, can support scalable, secure, and sustainable digital infrastructures, aligning with SDG 9, which promotes innovation and resilient infrastructure development

Blockchain for Enhancing Data Traceability in Digital Supply Chain Management

Hayatun Nufus — 2026-01-09

In recent years, the complexity of global supply chains has increased the need for transparent, secure, and traceable data management systems. As a background to this study, conventional supply chain databases often suffer from data fragmentation, lack of interoperability, and vulnerability to manipulation, which hinder real-time decision-making and trust among stakeholders. The main objective of this research is to explore how blockchain technology can enhance data provenance tracking and integrity within digital SCM systems. To achieve this, a hybrid research method combining literature review, case study analysis, and system prototype simulation was conducted to examine the effectiveness of blockchain-based record tracking frameworks. The method integrates smart contracts and distributed ledger technology to record, verify, and share data across multiple supply chain entities. The results reveal that blockchain implementation significantly improves data transparency, reduces information asymmetry, and enhances trust across different supply chain participants. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the decentralized nature of blockchain minimizes data tampering risks and supports compliance with international traceability standards. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that blockchain provides a robust foundation for digital SCM by strengthening data lineage tracking, security, and accountability, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and efficient supply chain ecosystem.

Migration of Blockchain Systems to Quantum Resistant Security ECDSA vs NIST MLDSA

Santika Lya Diah Pramesti — 2026-01-13

The advent of cryptographically relevant quantum computers poses an existential threat to the security foundations of contemporary blockchain networks, which predominantly rely on the ECDSA for transaction authorization and identity management. Shor’s quantum algorithm can solve the underlying mathematical problems of ECDSA in polynomial time, rendering current ledgers vulnerable to catastrophic asset theft. This study aims to examine the implications of quantum computing on blockchain security by positioning ECDSA and ML-DSA as two generational digital signature standards within the evolving cryptographic landscape. The analysis is conducted through a standards-based comparative approach, focusing on the formal specifications and security objectives outlined in the U.S. NIST post-quantum cryptographic standard FIPS 204. The findings indicate that ECDSA and ML-DSA represent two critical generations of digital signature standards: ECDSA as the legacy cryptographic foundation for current blockchain ecosystems, and ML-DSA (formerly CRYSTALS-Dilithium) as the newly standardized, quantum-resistant successor mandated for future secure systems. This transition underscores the strategic importance of evaluating digital signature algorithms not only as cryptographic primitives but also as formal standards with far-reaching implications for public policy, regulatory compliance, and long-term protocol governance.

Governance Models for Blockchain Integrated IoT Ecosystems

Rizki Indrawan — 2026-01-14

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the creation of large-scale interconnected networks of smart devices capable of autonomously collecting, processing, and exchanging data in real time across diverse application domains. While this development offers significant benefits, it also introduces critical challenges related to data security, privacy protection, interoperability, and the increasingly complex governance of distributed IoT systems. Traditional centralized governance approaches often fail to address these issues effectively due to single points of failure, limited transparency, and insufficient trust mechanisms. The integration of blockchain technology into IoT ecosystems provides a promising alternative by leveraging decentralized architecture, immutable ledgers, transparency, and tamper-resistant features that enhance accountability and trust. This study aims to identify and design an appropriate governance model for blockchain-integrated IoT systems that balances security, operational efficiency, and decentralization. The research adopts a conceptual and qualitative approach through a systematic literature analysis and the synthesis of existing governance, blockchain, and IoT frameworks to develop a structured governance model. The proposed framework defines institutional roles, policy structures, decision-making processes, and control mechanisms among participating entities. The results demonstrate that a blockchain-based governance model enhances system security, operational efficiency, and inter-organizational trust by reducing reliance on centralized authorities and improving data integrity. In addition, the use of smart contracts enables automated policy enforcement, transparent coordination, and sustainable system operations, supporting scalable and resilient governance for future blockchain IoT ecosystems.