Date Log
Copyright (c) 2025 Kgomotso Moyo, Ratna Tri Hari Safariningsih, Farisha Andi Baso, Sunanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Gamified Learning Tools in Preschool Classrooms
Corresponding Author(s) : Kgomotso Moyo
Jurnal Mentari: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi,
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): September
Abstract
As digital technology becomes more embedded in early childhood education, gamified learning tools present a valuable opportunity to boost engagement and support cognitive development in preschool-aged children. This study explores the effectiveness of gamified tools in improving learning outcomes, motivation, and classroom participation among children aged 4 to 6 years. A mixed methods approach was used, involving two groups from preschools, the experimental group used gamified applications during instructional activities, while the control group followed traditional teaching methods over an eight-week period. Quantitative data were gathered through literacy and numeracy assessments conducted before and after the intervention, and qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and structured interviews with teachers. The findings revealed that children in the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in academic performance compared to the control group. They also showed higher levels of motivation, longer attention spans, and greater classroom engagement. Teachers reported more positive classroom dynamics during gamified sessions, noting increased enthusiasm, focus, and collaboration among students. These results suggest that gamified learning tools can serve as a powerful complement to traditional teaching approaches, helping to make early childhood education more effective and enjoyable. However, the study also emphasizes the importance of thoughtful implementation, such as aligning content with age-appropriate learning goals and ensuring teachers are well-equipped to facilitate technology-based instruction. Overall, gamified tools hold strong potential to enhance the preschool learning experience in meaningful ways.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- I. Gligorea, M. Cioca, R. Oancea, A.-T. Gorski, H. Gorski, and P. Tudorache, “Adaptive learning using artificial intelligence in e-learning: A literature review,” Education Sciences, vol. 13, no. 12, p. 1216, 2023.
- H. Sulistiani, A. Yuliani, F. Hamidy et al., “Perancangan sistem informasi akuntansi upah lembur karyawan menggunakan extreme programming,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021.
- F. Benkhalfallah, M. R. Laouar, M. S. Benkhalfallah et al., “Examining adaptive e-learning approaches to enhance learning and individual experiences,” Acta Informatica Pragensia, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 327–339, 2024.
- A. A. Saputra, “Pengaruh kompensasi, lingkungan kerja dan beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 68–77, 2022.
- R. Isaeva, N. Karasartova, K. Dznunusnalieva, K. Mirzoeva, and M. Mokliuk, “Enhancing learning effectiveness through adaptive learning platforms and emerging computer technologies in education,” Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 144–160, 2025.
- R. Anjeli, H. Harianja, and R. Nazli, “Sistem aplikasi absensi online menggunakan android guna mencegah penyebaran virus pada masa pandeami covid-19 di bawaslu kuantan singingi,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, vol. 1, no. 1, 2021, pp. 32–36.
- M. Murod, S. Anhar, D. Andayani, A. Fitriani, and G. Khanna, “Blockchain based intellectual property management enhancing security and transparency in digital entrepreneurship,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 240–251, 2025.
- R. Kaur, D. Gupta, M. Madhukar, A. Singh, M. Abdelhaq, R. Alsaqour, J. Bre˜nosa, and N. Goyal, “E-learning environment based intelligent profiling system for enhancing user adaptation,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 20, p. 3354, 2022.
- O. Mita, P. Palisuri, and M. Idris, “Pengaruh upah minimum kota, pendidikan, dan belanja bantuan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di kota palopo,” Journal of Economy Business Development, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 95–101, 2025.
- A. Z. Sarnato, W. D. Sari, S. T. Rahmawati, R. Hidayat, H. Patry et al., “The evolution of e-learning platforms: From u-learning to ai-driven adaptive learning systems,” Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 289–300, 2024.
- R. Indayani, S. Supeno, and I. Wicaksono, “Pengaruh videoscribe terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada pembelajaran ipa,” Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematika, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 107–115, 2021.
- S. Chawla and K. Mehta, “Cryptocurrency adoption in the era of industry 5.0: Opportunities, challenges, and the intellectual landscape–slr and bibliometric analysis,” Opportunities and Challenges of Business 5.0 in Emerging Markets, pp. 240–262, 2023.
- A. Mulyadi and R. Pancasasti, “Upaya meningkatkan kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 11–21, 2022.
- N. Nalini, A. Kumar, S. Patil, S. B. Hanjagi, V. M. Patil, and K. S. Uttej, “Decentralized online marketplace using blockchain technology for sustainable development,” in 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Algorithms for Computational Intelligence Systems (IACIS). IEEE, 2024, pp. 1–5.
- U. Rahardja, N. Lutfiani, E. P. Harahap, and L. Wijayanti, “ilearning: Metode pembelajaran inovatif di era education 4.0,” Technomedia J, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 261–276, 2021.
- A. Maharani, S. Aninda, and S. Millah, “Pembuatan kartu ujian online sebagai pengabdian perguruan tinggi,” ADI Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 8–14, 2021.
- Z. W. Fandol, S. N. Umam, A. Khanifudin, and R. A. Setiawan, “Penggunaan gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran membaca anak usia dini berbasis ux-driven design,” Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SNPPKM), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 191–196, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=3356121&val=29418&title= Penggunaan%20Gamifikasi%20dalam%20Pembelajaran%20Membaca%20Anak%20Usia%20Dini% 20berbasis%20UX-Driven%20Design
- E. M. Smaili, S. Sraidi, S. Azzouzi, and M. E. H. Charaf, “Towards sustainable e-learning systems using an adaptive learning approach,” in Emerging Trends in ICT for Sustainable Development: The Proceedings of NICE2020 International Conference. Springer, 2021, pp. 365–372. code system through fit viability approach: Long work as a moderator variable,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2023.
- L. Salsabila, M. Fikriya, F. Abdullah, and M. Affan, “Pemanfaatan teknologi blockchain dalam pengelolaan dana wakaf,” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Digital, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 233–244, 2023.
- E. J. A. H. Nasution, L. Molefe, R. T. Utami et al., “Platform e-learning adaptif meningkatkan aksesibilitas bagi berbagai demografi pembelajar: Adaptive e-learning platform enhances accessibility for diverse learner demographics,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 177–186, 2025.
- S. Widiantoro and G. Theophilia, “Implementasi sistem informasi manajemen repository portfolio berbasis web untuk optimalisasi proses penilaian kinerja dosen di perguruan tinggi,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Sosial dan Teknologi (SNISTEK), vol. 6, 2024, pp. 458–463.
- Z. Lubis, M. Zarlis, M. R. Aulia et al., “Performance analysis of oil palm companies based on bar-code system through fit viability approach: Long work as a moderator variable,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2023.
- S. G. Essa, T. Celik, and N. E. Human-Hendricks, “Personalized adaptive learning technologies based on machine learning techniques to identify learning styles: A systematic literature review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 48 392–48 409, 2023.
- M. R. Pabubung, “Era kecerdasan buatan dan dampak terhadap martabat manusia dalam kajian etis,” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 66–74, 2023.
- C. Halkiopoulos and E. Gkintoni, “Leveraging ai in e-learning: Personalized learning and adaptive assessment through cognitive neuropsychology—a systematic analysis,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 3762, 2024.
- A. Alfina and S. Syafrinal, “Model sistem verifikasi dokumen ijazah digital berbasis teknologi blockchain,” SMARTICS Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 59–65, 2022.
- B. Rawat, N. Mehra, A. S. Bist, M. Yusup, and Y. P. A. Sanjaya, “Quantum computing and ai: Impacts & possibilities,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 202–207, 2022.
- M. R. Anwar and L. D. Sakti, “Integrating artificial intelligence and environmental science for sustainable urban planning,” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–191, 2024.
- M. Liu and D. Yu, “Towards intelligent e-learning systems,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 7845–7876, 2023.
- E. N. Pratama, E. Suwarni, and M. A. Handayani, “Effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intention with person organization fit as moderator variable,” APTISI Trans. Manag, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 74–82, 2022.
- U. A. Saefullah, “Dampak penilaian kinerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan perbankan,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 223–235, 2022.
- L. Parn, T. Mariyanti, A. Widyakto et al., “Optimalisasi e-learning dengan ai adaptif untuk pendidikan inklusif: Optimization of e-learning with adaptive ai for inclusive education,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 168–176, 2025.
- A.-I. Zourmpakis, S. Papadakis, and M. Kalogiannakis, “Education of preschool and elementary teachers on the use of adaptive gamification in science education,” International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2022.
- R. Abdillah, A. Kuncoro, F. Erlangga, and V. Ramdhan, “Pemanfaatan aplikasi kahoot! dan quizizz sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis gamifikasi,” Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Komputer, vol. 2, no. 01, pp. 92–102, 2022.
- R. K. Sari and S. Nurani, “Quizizz atau kahoot, gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris,” Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan (JURDIKBUD), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 78–86, 2021.
- Y. I. Bolat and N. Tas¸, “A meta-analysis on the effect of gamified-assessment tools’ on academic achievement in formal educational settings,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 5011– 5039, 2023.
- D. Z. Hafshah and U. Dewi, “Pengembangan multimedia interaktif berbasis gamifikasi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar materi dasar desain grafis kelas xi dkv smk negeri 1 lamongan,” Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknologi Pendidikan, vol. 14, no. 9, 2025.
- H. Antonopoulou, C. Halkiopoulos, E. Gkintoni, and A. Katsimpelis, “Application of gamification tools for identification of neurocognitive and social function in distance learning education,” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 367–400, 2022.
- H. Sanulita, S. Syamsurijal, W. Ardiansyah, V. Wiliyanti, and R. Megawati, Strategi Pembelajaran: Teori & Metode Pembelajaran Efektif. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2024.
- A. Mutmainnah and R. Andika, “Pemanfaatan media wordwall terhadap evaluasi pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar,” Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 175–190, 2024.
- H. Sujuan and P. BHOTISARN, “Effectiveness of gamified teaching for developing of early childhood mathematics at xinhua kindergarten in hechuan, chongqing,” Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 49–49, 2024.
- M. I. Sanni, D. Apriliasari et al., “Blockchain technology application: Authentication system in digital education,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 151–163, 2021.
References
I. Gligorea, M. Cioca, R. Oancea, A.-T. Gorski, H. Gorski, and P. Tudorache, “Adaptive learning using artificial intelligence in e-learning: A literature review,” Education Sciences, vol. 13, no. 12, p. 1216, 2023.
H. Sulistiani, A. Yuliani, F. Hamidy et al., “Perancangan sistem informasi akuntansi upah lembur karyawan menggunakan extreme programming,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021.
F. Benkhalfallah, M. R. Laouar, M. S. Benkhalfallah et al., “Examining adaptive e-learning approaches to enhance learning and individual experiences,” Acta Informatica Pragensia, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 327–339, 2024.
A. A. Saputra, “Pengaruh kompensasi, lingkungan kerja dan beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 68–77, 2022.
R. Isaeva, N. Karasartova, K. Dznunusnalieva, K. Mirzoeva, and M. Mokliuk, “Enhancing learning effectiveness through adaptive learning platforms and emerging computer technologies in education,” Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 144–160, 2025.
R. Anjeli, H. Harianja, and R. Nazli, “Sistem aplikasi absensi online menggunakan android guna mencegah penyebaran virus pada masa pandeami covid-19 di bawaslu kuantan singingi,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, vol. 1, no. 1, 2021, pp. 32–36.
M. Murod, S. Anhar, D. Andayani, A. Fitriani, and G. Khanna, “Blockchain based intellectual property management enhancing security and transparency in digital entrepreneurship,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 240–251, 2025.
R. Kaur, D. Gupta, M. Madhukar, A. Singh, M. Abdelhaq, R. Alsaqour, J. Bre˜nosa, and N. Goyal, “E-learning environment based intelligent profiling system for enhancing user adaptation,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 20, p. 3354, 2022.
O. Mita, P. Palisuri, and M. Idris, “Pengaruh upah minimum kota, pendidikan, dan belanja bantuan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di kota palopo,” Journal of Economy Business Development, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 95–101, 2025.
A. Z. Sarnato, W. D. Sari, S. T. Rahmawati, R. Hidayat, H. Patry et al., “The evolution of e-learning platforms: From u-learning to ai-driven adaptive learning systems,” Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 289–300, 2024.
R. Indayani, S. Supeno, and I. Wicaksono, “Pengaruh videoscribe terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada pembelajaran ipa,” Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematika, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 107–115, 2021.
S. Chawla and K. Mehta, “Cryptocurrency adoption in the era of industry 5.0: Opportunities, challenges, and the intellectual landscape–slr and bibliometric analysis,” Opportunities and Challenges of Business 5.0 in Emerging Markets, pp. 240–262, 2023.
A. Mulyadi and R. Pancasasti, “Upaya meningkatkan kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 11–21, 2022.
N. Nalini, A. Kumar, S. Patil, S. B. Hanjagi, V. M. Patil, and K. S. Uttej, “Decentralized online marketplace using blockchain technology for sustainable development,” in 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Algorithms for Computational Intelligence Systems (IACIS). IEEE, 2024, pp. 1–5.
U. Rahardja, N. Lutfiani, E. P. Harahap, and L. Wijayanti, “ilearning: Metode pembelajaran inovatif di era education 4.0,” Technomedia J, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 261–276, 2021.
A. Maharani, S. Aninda, and S. Millah, “Pembuatan kartu ujian online sebagai pengabdian perguruan tinggi,” ADI Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 8–14, 2021.
Z. W. Fandol, S. N. Umam, A. Khanifudin, and R. A. Setiawan, “Penggunaan gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran membaca anak usia dini berbasis ux-driven design,” Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SNPPKM), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 191–196, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=3356121&val=29418&title= Penggunaan%20Gamifikasi%20dalam%20Pembelajaran%20Membaca%20Anak%20Usia%20Dini% 20berbasis%20UX-Driven%20Design
E. M. Smaili, S. Sraidi, S. Azzouzi, and M. E. H. Charaf, “Towards sustainable e-learning systems using an adaptive learning approach,” in Emerging Trends in ICT for Sustainable Development: The Proceedings of NICE2020 International Conference. Springer, 2021, pp. 365–372. code system through fit viability approach: Long work as a moderator variable,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2023.
L. Salsabila, M. Fikriya, F. Abdullah, and M. Affan, “Pemanfaatan teknologi blockchain dalam pengelolaan dana wakaf,” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Digital, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 233–244, 2023.
E. J. A. H. Nasution, L. Molefe, R. T. Utami et al., “Platform e-learning adaptif meningkatkan aksesibilitas bagi berbagai demografi pembelajar: Adaptive e-learning platform enhances accessibility for diverse learner demographics,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 177–186, 2025.
S. Widiantoro and G. Theophilia, “Implementasi sistem informasi manajemen repository portfolio berbasis web untuk optimalisasi proses penilaian kinerja dosen di perguruan tinggi,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Sosial dan Teknologi (SNISTEK), vol. 6, 2024, pp. 458–463.
Z. Lubis, M. Zarlis, M. R. Aulia et al., “Performance analysis of oil palm companies based on bar-code system through fit viability approach: Long work as a moderator variable,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2023.
S. G. Essa, T. Celik, and N. E. Human-Hendricks, “Personalized adaptive learning technologies based on machine learning techniques to identify learning styles: A systematic literature review,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 48 392–48 409, 2023.
M. R. Pabubung, “Era kecerdasan buatan dan dampak terhadap martabat manusia dalam kajian etis,” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 66–74, 2023.
C. Halkiopoulos and E. Gkintoni, “Leveraging ai in e-learning: Personalized learning and adaptive assessment through cognitive neuropsychology—a systematic analysis,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 3762, 2024.
A. Alfina and S. Syafrinal, “Model sistem verifikasi dokumen ijazah digital berbasis teknologi blockchain,” SMARTICS Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 59–65, 2022.
B. Rawat, N. Mehra, A. S. Bist, M. Yusup, and Y. P. A. Sanjaya, “Quantum computing and ai: Impacts & possibilities,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 202–207, 2022.
M. R. Anwar and L. D. Sakti, “Integrating artificial intelligence and environmental science for sustainable urban planning,” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–191, 2024.
M. Liu and D. Yu, “Towards intelligent e-learning systems,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 7845–7876, 2023.
E. N. Pratama, E. Suwarni, and M. A. Handayani, “Effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intention with person organization fit as moderator variable,” APTISI Trans. Manag, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 74–82, 2022.
U. A. Saefullah, “Dampak penilaian kinerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan perbankan,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 223–235, 2022.
L. Parn, T. Mariyanti, A. Widyakto et al., “Optimalisasi e-learning dengan ai adaptif untuk pendidikan inklusif: Optimization of e-learning with adaptive ai for inclusive education,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 168–176, 2025.
A.-I. Zourmpakis, S. Papadakis, and M. Kalogiannakis, “Education of preschool and elementary teachers on the use of adaptive gamification in science education,” International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2022.
R. Abdillah, A. Kuncoro, F. Erlangga, and V. Ramdhan, “Pemanfaatan aplikasi kahoot! dan quizizz sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis gamifikasi,” Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Komputer, vol. 2, no. 01, pp. 92–102, 2022.
R. K. Sari and S. Nurani, “Quizizz atau kahoot, gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris,” Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan (JURDIKBUD), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 78–86, 2021.
Y. I. Bolat and N. Tas¸, “A meta-analysis on the effect of gamified-assessment tools’ on academic achievement in formal educational settings,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 5011– 5039, 2023.
D. Z. Hafshah and U. Dewi, “Pengembangan multimedia interaktif berbasis gamifikasi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar materi dasar desain grafis kelas xi dkv smk negeri 1 lamongan,” Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknologi Pendidikan, vol. 14, no. 9, 2025.
H. Antonopoulou, C. Halkiopoulos, E. Gkintoni, and A. Katsimpelis, “Application of gamification tools for identification of neurocognitive and social function in distance learning education,” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 367–400, 2022.
H. Sanulita, S. Syamsurijal, W. Ardiansyah, V. Wiliyanti, and R. Megawati, Strategi Pembelajaran: Teori & Metode Pembelajaran Efektif. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2024.
A. Mutmainnah and R. Andika, “Pemanfaatan media wordwall terhadap evaluasi pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar,” Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 175–190, 2024.
H. Sujuan and P. BHOTISARN, “Effectiveness of gamified teaching for developing of early childhood mathematics at xinhua kindergarten in hechuan, chongqing,” Procedia of Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 49–49, 2024.
M. I. Sanni, D. Apriliasari et al., “Blockchain technology application: Authentication system in digital education,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 151–163, 2021.