This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
AI-Based Adaptive E-Learning to Enhance Inclusive Learning Accessibility
Corresponding Author(s) : Ankur Singh Bist
Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): September
Abstract
The increasing diversity of learners in digital education highlights the need for flexible learning environments that can accommodate different learning needs, abilities, and levels of accessibility. This study examines the role of AI-based adaptive e-learning in improving accessibility and learning effectiveness within inclusive education. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey involving 223 respondents from diverse educational backgrounds. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to examine the relationships between AI-based adaptive e-learning, learning accessibility, and learning effectiveness. The results indicate that AI-based adaptive e-learning has a positive and significant influence on learning accessibility and learning effectiveness. The adaptive features enable learning content, activities, and experiences to be adjusted according to individual learner needs, helping reduce accessibility barriers and creating a more inclusive learning environment. Learning accessibility also contributes positively to learning effectiveness, demonstrating that flexible and accessible digital learning environments can support better learning experiences and outcomes. These findings confirm that AI-based adaptive e-learning provides an effective technological approach for strengthening accessibility and inclusivity in digital education. The integration of adaptive AI technologies into e-learning platforms can therefore support more personalized, accessible, and effective learning experiences for diverse learners.
Keywords
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- K. Candra, PEMBELAJARAN MASA DEPAN: Transformasi AI dan e-learning di Era Pendidikan Digital. Yayasan Sahabat Alam Rafflesia, 2025.
- R. Setiawan, A. Aprillia, R. A. Tjahyadi, C. L. Cen Lu, K. K. Nursalin, F. Abednego, and K. Vaher, “Analysis of the effects of social media on children education mechanisms,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 582–592, 2026.
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- I. R. W. Atmojo, F. P. Adi, R. Ardiansyah, D. Y. Saputri, Y. M. Z. Mahya et al., E-Learning Dalam Konteks Pembelajaran Masa Kini. CV Pajang Putra Wijaya, 2025.
- A. A. B. Hasan, N. H. Abbas, D. A. Lestari, M. A. Akbar, A. Hadis, and F. Faisal, “Profil kebijakan implementasi pendidikan inklusif di indonesia,” ANTHOR: Education and Learning Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 45–51, 2026.
- S. Sunanto, K. Kasmad, and J. Andriani, “Predicting professional entrepreneurial intention through core determinants of entrepreneurial attitude,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management (IJCITSM), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25–36, 2026.
- A. E. Kusuma, D. S. Saputra, E. Dianawati, A. Nasrullah, M. Kamza, and P. Z. Tupamahu, “E-learning dan transformasi digital dalam pendidikan tinggi,” 2025.
- D. Himmawan and R. M. Seruni, “E-learning in modern education: Journey, implementation, challenges, and future potential,” Quality: Journal Of Education, Arabic And Islamic Studies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 251–259, 2025.
- I. K. Suartama, “Pemanfaatan ai untuk mengarahkan (ai-directed), mendukung (ai-supported), dan memberdayakan (ai-empowered) pembelajaran,” PT Literasi Nusantara Abadi Grup, 2025.
- N. Lutfiani, M. A. Komara, S. A. Anjani, S. Solahudin, N. Rangi, and A. C. Kiboy, “Juridical analysis of legal protection against e-commerce fraud in indonesia,” Legal Autonomous Web-based Governance (LAW), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 109–122, 2026.
- D. Himmawan et al., “Evolution and implementation of e-learning in modern education: A comprehensive study and strategic recommendations for higher education institutions,” Al-Ard: Journal of Education, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 71–78, 2025.
- S. Wulansari and R. Suhartini, “Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis e-learning di smk negeri 1 bojonegoro,” Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 251–256, 2024.
- H. Aisyah, A. Sarma, S. Setiawati et al., “Pemanfaatan artificial intelligence (ai) dalam mendukung tata kelola pendidikan yang adaptif dan inklusif,” An-Najmu: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, vol. 2, no. 02, pp. 100–114, 2025.
- H. Handoko, S. B. Waluya, W. Wardono, S. Sugiman, and L. W. Ming, “Geometry learning pathways for creative thinking via edupreneurial approaches,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 669–681, 2026.
- J. Jusman and A. Usman, “Peran teknologi pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di era digital: Sebuah studi literatur,” Jurnal Pendidikan Multidisiplin, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2025.
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- C. Cheriani, M. Muzakkir, M. S. Iswahyudi, A. Apriyanto, and I. Surdin, Buku Ajar E-Learning. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2024.
- M. Subroto, “Analisis pemanfaatan e-learning terstruktur di yayasan bimbingan islam dan dampaknya terhadap pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat,” in BIannual COnference on Islamic educatioN (BICOIN), vol. 1, no. 2, 2025, pp. 94–107.
- M. A. S. Lenggu, M. Muhtarom, N. Rangi, and M. Sunengsih, “Digital banking and operational efficiency toward bank sustainability performance,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 231–241, 2026.
- W. F. Utami, “E-learning in the digital era: Evolution, implementation, and impact on higher education in indonesia,” Ilmina: Journal of Education and Counseling, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 68–76, 2025.
- F. Salsabillah, “E-learning in the vortex of the digital revolution: An in-depth study of applications and prospects in higher education,” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 262–271, 2025.
- A. I. Irvani, A. Henukh, A. Amrullah, W. W. Rahayu, R. Warliani, S. N. Muhajir, T. Yuliatun et al., E-learning dalam Praktik: Strategi, Desain, dan Implementasi Pembelajaran Digital. Sigufi Artha Nusantara, 2026.
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- M. H. Rahman, “Kecerdasan buatan dalam personalisasi pembelajaran online: Sebuah tinjauan dari pendekatan komputer dan sistem informatika,” Journal of Information Systems and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18–25, 2025.
- N. Nurmayani, H. A. Sitorus, R. U. U. Margolang, J. A. Situmorang, and S. M. Angel, “Studi literatur: Transformasi pembelajaran melalui teknologi dan implikasinya terhadap hasil belajar,” Primary Education Journals (Jurnal Ke-SD-An), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 751–759, 2025.
- A. S. Kirana, “Comprehensive analysis of e-learning: Development, comparative implementation, and optimization strategies in higher education (case study of wiralodra university),” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 281–288, 2025.
- K. Sulastriningsih, I. Annisah, L. Meria, and A. C. Kiboy, “Integrating scientific data analytics into digital business strategy,” Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 107–118, 2026.
- I. D. Cahyani, M. Mawardi et al., “Strategies for developing an adaptive curriculum to address social and technological challenges for improving education quality,” TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 4685–4696, 2025.
- U. Rahardja and Q. Aini, “Evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing campaigns through conversion rates and engagement levels using anova and chi-square tests,” Journal of Digital Market and Digital Currency, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26–45, 2025.
- M. S. Sangadji, U. Saniah, N. Ali, and M. Ali, “Digital transformation and innovation in islamic education management in preparing the golden generation of indonesia,” Kasyafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 308–315, 2025.
- F. P. Oganda, P. A. Sunarya, M. Hardini, S. V. Sihotang, R. S. Ikhsan, and M. Abbas, “Digital transformation as a strategy for building adaptive pesantren management systems,” ADI Bisnis Digital Interdisiplin Jurnal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 120–132, 2025.
- K. R. Pratama, M. Z. I. Nafi’a, and M. I. Romadhon, “Eksplorasi potensi animasi berbasis kecerdasan buatan (ai animation) sebagai media pembelajaran adaptif,” Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi Pendidikan, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 177–188, 2025.
- R. A. Zulfikri, “Exploring the dynamics of e-learning: From the early era to ai integration and a comparative analysis of implementation across educational levels,” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 336–344, 2025.
- L. A. Widyowati, I. H. Rani, and J. H. Jalih, “Enhancing career readiness through mock interview training and structured feedback,” ADI Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 14–25, 2026.
- Z. Zahra, “Website-based e-learning information system at the indramayu library and archives service,” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 345–352, 2025.
- S. M. Nurnaningsih and M. Salehudin, “Transformasi pendidikan anak usia dini melalui media ai: Sebuah pendekatan inklusif: Transforming early childhood education through ai media: An inclusive approach,” Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood: Jurnal Dunia Anak Usia Dini, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 156–165, 2025.
- Q. Aini, D. Manongga, U. Rahardja, I. Sembiring, and Y.-M. Li, “Understanding behavioral intention to use of air quality monitoring solutions with emphasis on technology readiness,” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 5079–5099, 2025.
- D. Andayani, N. Ulita, M. Saitakela, and A. A. Kamal, “Decentralized edge computing frameworks for global cloud based broadcasting systems,” Bridging of Emerging AI and Media Broadcasting (BEAM), vol. 1, no. 2 May, pp. 76–86, 2026.
References
K. Candra, PEMBELAJARAN MASA DEPAN: Transformasi AI dan e-learning di Era Pendidikan Digital. Yayasan Sahabat Alam Rafflesia, 2025.
R. Setiawan, A. Aprillia, R. A. Tjahyadi, C. L. Cen Lu, K. K. Nursalin, F. Abednego, and K. Vaher, “Analysis of the effects of social media on children education mechanisms,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 582–592, 2026.
P. P. Lovinno, N. J. K. Purwantoro, and G. C. Kurniawan, “Inovasi pembelajaran berbasis teknologi dalam membangun generasi cerdas di era digital,” Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains dan Sosial Humaniora, vol. 3, no. 01, 2025.
I. R. W. Atmojo, F. P. Adi, R. Ardiansyah, D. Y. Saputri, Y. M. Z. Mahya et al., E-Learning Dalam Konteks Pembelajaran Masa Kini. CV Pajang Putra Wijaya, 2025.
A. A. B. Hasan, N. H. Abbas, D. A. Lestari, M. A. Akbar, A. Hadis, and F. Faisal, “Profil kebijakan implementasi pendidikan inklusif di indonesia,” ANTHOR: Education and Learning Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 45–51, 2026.
S. Sunanto, K. Kasmad, and J. Andriani, “Predicting professional entrepreneurial intention through core determinants of entrepreneurial attitude,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management (IJCITSM), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25–36, 2026.
A. E. Kusuma, D. S. Saputra, E. Dianawati, A. Nasrullah, M. Kamza, and P. Z. Tupamahu, “E-learning dan transformasi digital dalam pendidikan tinggi,” 2025.
D. Himmawan and R. M. Seruni, “E-learning in modern education: Journey, implementation, challenges, and future potential,” Quality: Journal Of Education, Arabic And Islamic Studies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 251–259, 2025.
I. K. Suartama, “Pemanfaatan ai untuk mengarahkan (ai-directed), mendukung (ai-supported), dan memberdayakan (ai-empowered) pembelajaran,” PT Literasi Nusantara Abadi Grup, 2025.
N. Lutfiani, M. A. Komara, S. A. Anjani, S. Solahudin, N. Rangi, and A. C. Kiboy, “Juridical analysis of legal protection against e-commerce fraud in indonesia,” Legal Autonomous Web-based Governance (LAW), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 109–122, 2026.
D. Himmawan et al., “Evolution and implementation of e-learning in modern education: A comprehensive study and strategic recommendations for higher education institutions,” Al-Ard: Journal of Education, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 71–78, 2025.
S. Wulansari and R. Suhartini, “Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis e-learning di smk negeri 1 bojonegoro,” Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 251–256, 2024.
H. Aisyah, A. Sarma, S. Setiawati et al., “Pemanfaatan artificial intelligence (ai) dalam mendukung tata kelola pendidikan yang adaptif dan inklusif,” An-Najmu: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, vol. 2, no. 02, pp. 100–114, 2025.
H. Handoko, S. B. Waluya, W. Wardono, S. Sugiman, and L. W. Ming, “Geometry learning pathways for creative thinking via edupreneurial approaches,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 669–681, 2026.
J. Jusman and A. Usman, “Peran teknologi pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di era digital: Sebuah studi literatur,” Jurnal Pendidikan Multidisiplin, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2025.
Y. Al Fadillah, A. R. Akbar et al., “Strategi desain pembelajaran adaptif untuk meningkatkan pengalaman belajar di era digital,” Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Teknologi Terapan— E-ISSN: 3031-7983, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 354–362, 2024.
C. Cheriani, M. Muzakkir, M. S. Iswahyudi, A. Apriyanto, and I. Surdin, Buku Ajar E-Learning. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2024.
M. Subroto, “Analisis pemanfaatan e-learning terstruktur di yayasan bimbingan islam dan dampaknya terhadap pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat,” in BIannual COnference on Islamic educatioN (BICOIN), vol. 1, no. 2, 2025, pp. 94–107.
M. A. S. Lenggu, M. Muhtarom, N. Rangi, and M. Sunengsih, “Digital banking and operational efficiency toward bank sustainability performance,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 231–241, 2026.
W. F. Utami, “E-learning in the digital era: Evolution, implementation, and impact on higher education in indonesia,” Ilmina: Journal of Education and Counseling, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 68–76, 2025.
F. Salsabillah, “E-learning in the vortex of the digital revolution: An in-depth study of applications and prospects in higher education,” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 262–271, 2025.
A. I. Irvani, A. Henukh, A. Amrullah, W. W. Rahayu, R. Warliani, S. N. Muhajir, T. Yuliatun et al., E-learning dalam Praktik: Strategi, Desain, dan Implementasi Pembelajaran Digital. Sigufi Artha Nusantara, 2026.
Z. Athallah, “Penerapan artificial intelligence dalam personalisasi pembelajaran daring: Suatu kajian informatika dan ilmu komputer,” Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32–40, 2025.
M. H. Rahman, “Kecerdasan buatan dalam personalisasi pembelajaran online: Sebuah tinjauan dari pendekatan komputer dan sistem informatika,” Journal of Information Systems and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18–25, 2025.
N. Nurmayani, H. A. Sitorus, R. U. U. Margolang, J. A. Situmorang, and S. M. Angel, “Studi literatur: Transformasi pembelajaran melalui teknologi dan implikasinya terhadap hasil belajar,” Primary Education Journals (Jurnal Ke-SD-An), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 751–759, 2025.
A. S. Kirana, “Comprehensive analysis of e-learning: Development, comparative implementation, and optimization strategies in higher education (case study of wiralodra university),” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 281–288, 2025.
K. Sulastriningsih, I. Annisah, L. Meria, and A. C. Kiboy, “Integrating scientific data analytics into digital business strategy,” Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 107–118, 2026.
I. D. Cahyani, M. Mawardi et al., “Strategies for developing an adaptive curriculum to address social and technological challenges for improving education quality,” TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 4685–4696, 2025.
U. Rahardja and Q. Aini, “Evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing campaigns through conversion rates and engagement levels using anova and chi-square tests,” Journal of Digital Market and Digital Currency, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26–45, 2025.
M. S. Sangadji, U. Saniah, N. Ali, and M. Ali, “Digital transformation and innovation in islamic education management in preparing the golden generation of indonesia,” Kasyafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 308–315, 2025.
F. P. Oganda, P. A. Sunarya, M. Hardini, S. V. Sihotang, R. S. Ikhsan, and M. Abbas, “Digital transformation as a strategy for building adaptive pesantren management systems,” ADI Bisnis Digital Interdisiplin Jurnal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 120–132, 2025.
K. R. Pratama, M. Z. I. Nafi’a, and M. I. Romadhon, “Eksplorasi potensi animasi berbasis kecerdasan buatan (ai animation) sebagai media pembelajaran adaptif,” Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi Pendidikan, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 177–188, 2025.
R. A. Zulfikri, “Exploring the dynamics of e-learning: From the early era to ai integration and a comparative analysis of implementation across educational levels,” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 336–344, 2025.
L. A. Widyowati, I. H. Rani, and J. H. Jalih, “Enhancing career readiness through mock interview training and structured feedback,” ADI Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 14–25, 2026.
Z. Zahra, “Website-based e-learning information system at the indramayu library and archives service,” Manajia: Journal of Education and Management, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 345–352, 2025.
S. M. Nurnaningsih and M. Salehudin, “Transformasi pendidikan anak usia dini melalui media ai: Sebuah pendekatan inklusif: Transforming early childhood education through ai media: An inclusive approach,” Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood: Jurnal Dunia Anak Usia Dini, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 156–165, 2025.
Q. Aini, D. Manongga, U. Rahardja, I. Sembiring, and Y.-M. Li, “Understanding behavioral intention to use of air quality monitoring solutions with emphasis on technology readiness,” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 5079–5099, 2025.
D. Andayani, N. Ulita, M. Saitakela, and A. A. Kamal, “Decentralized edge computing frameworks for global cloud based broadcasting systems,” Bridging of Emerging AI and Media Broadcasting (BEAM), vol. 1, no. 2 May, pp. 76–86, 2026.