This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Beyond Digitization Blockchain Data Governance for Trustworthy Academic Ecosystems
Corresponding Author(s) : Hanny Safitri
Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): September
Abstract
The study involved a total of 217 respondents. consisting of key stakeholders in higher education, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, academic staff, and administrative personnel. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique to ensure they had relevant experience and understanding of academic data management systems. Among the participants, the majority were students, representing approximately 65%, followed by academic staff at 20%, and administrative personnel at 15%. In terms of gender distribution, 54% were female and 46% were male. Most respondents were aged between 18 and 30 years, reflecting a digitally active population familiar with emerging technologies. Additionally, a significant proportion of respondents reported prior exposure to digital academic systems, while a smaller percentage demonstrated awareness of blockchain technology applications in education. This distribution ensures that the collected data reflects diverse perspectives within the academic ecosystem and supports the reliability of the analysis conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).
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- N. T. Gurram, M. Narender, S. Bhardwaj, and J. P. Kalita, “A hybrid framework for smart educational governance using ai, blockchain, and data-driven management systems.” Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 2, no. 5, 2025.
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- O. B. Poikaryil, T. B. Babu, G. Sagar, V. Krishna, and S. Mitra, “Transformative fusion: Leveraging blockchain and ai for educational data analytics in modern education systems,” in Blockchain and AI in shaping the modern education system. CRC Press, 2025, pp. 182–208.
- P. P. Sianita, Y. Harwani, D. Permana, and E. S. Imaningsih, “Driving hospital revisit intentions through a technopreneurship approach to ewom care quality and patient experience,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 469–477, 2026.
- R. Verma, “The future of academic libraries: Blockchain for secure and transparent information management,” in Driving Socio-Economic Growth With AI and Blockchain. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025, pp. 401–432.
- T. M. Tan and S. Saraniemi, “Trust in blockchain-enabled exchanges: Future directions in blockchain marketing,” Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 914–939, 2023.
- H. Werdaningtyas, N. A. Achsani, A. Ratnawati, and T. Irawan, “Unveiling the hidden risks of capitan inflows on non-financial firm performance in indonesia,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management (IJCITSM), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10–24, 2026.
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- Z. Wang, L. Yu, and L. Zhou, “Navigating the blockchain-driven transformation in industry 4.0: opportunities and challenges for economic and management innovations,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 3507–3549, 2025.
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- B. Anthony Jnr, “Toward a collaborative governance model for distributed ledger technology adoption in organizations,” Environment Systems and Decisions, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 276–294, 2022.
- R. H. Pardanus and T. Komansilan, “Kerangka kerja konseptual untuk implementasi blockchain dalam sistem manajemen data akademik yang aman dan transparan: Berdasarkan tinjauan literatur,” Edutik: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 475–484, 2026.
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- W. Huang, Y. Han, Q. Gu, X. Han, and T. Gao, “Smart blockchain-powered natural resource asset management and ecological governance countermeasures,” Heliyon, vol. 11, no. 2, 2025.
- J. A. B. Moya, “Blockchain for academic integrity: Developing the blockchain academic credential interoperability protocol (bacip),” arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.15482, 2024.
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References
N. T. Gurram, M. Narender, S. Bhardwaj, and J. P. Kalita, “A hybrid framework for smart educational governance using ai, blockchain, and data-driven management systems.” Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 2, no. 5, 2025.
C. Kingdon and R. G. Luedke, “Integrating blockchain with information governance: A multidisciplinary framework for academic institutions,” Bridge: Journal of Multidisciplinary Explorations, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 77–84, 2025.
Q. Aini, D. Manongga, U. Rahardja, I. Sembiring, and Y.-M. Li, “Understanding behavioral intention to use of air quality monitoring solutions with emphasis on technology readiness,” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 5079–5099, 2025.
J. Gamboa-Cruzado, V. Pineda-Delacruz, H. Salcedo-Mera, C. Alzamora Rivero, J. Cove˜nas Lalupu, and M. Narro-Andrade, “Blockchain and data management security for sustainable digital ecosystems: A systematic literature review,” Sustainability, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 185, 2025.
N. Azizah, O. A. Al-Kamari et al., “Blockchain-based transformation of academic data management for enhancing university governance,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 213–223, 2026.
A. Surendar, “Sustainable digital governance in academic institutions using blockchain-enabled infrastructure,” Journal of Smart Infrastructure and Environmental Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 26–32, 2025.
O. B. Poikaryil, T. B. Babu, G. Sagar, V. Krishna, and S. Mitra, “Transformative fusion: Leveraging blockchain and ai for educational data analytics in modern education systems,” in Blockchain and AI in shaping the modern education system. CRC Press, 2025, pp. 182–208.
P. P. Sianita, Y. Harwani, D. Permana, and E. S. Imaningsih, “Driving hospital revisit intentions through a technopreneurship approach to ewom care quality and patient experience,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 469–477, 2026.
R. Verma, “The future of academic libraries: Blockchain for secure and transparent information management,” in Driving Socio-Economic Growth With AI and Blockchain. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025, pp. 401–432.
T. M. Tan and S. Saraniemi, “Trust in blockchain-enabled exchanges: Future directions in blockchain marketing,” Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 914–939, 2023.
H. Werdaningtyas, N. A. Achsani, A. Ratnawati, and T. Irawan, “Unveiling the hidden risks of capitan inflows on non-financial firm performance in indonesia,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management (IJCITSM), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10–24, 2026.
A. S. Alammary, “Building a sustainable digital infrastructure for higher education: A blockchain-based solution for cross-institutional enrollment,” Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 194, 2024.
S. Guerreiro, J. F. Ferreira, T. Fonseca, and M. Correia, “Integrating an academic management system with blockchain: A case study,” Blockchain: Research and Applications, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 100099, 2022.
S. Octavianus and A. Aprillia, “The role of cognitive and affective post-purchase dissonance as mediating variables between perceived impulsiveness and repurchase intention,” APTISI Transactions on Management, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2025.
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K. Degen and T. Teubner, “Wallet wars or digital public infrastructure? orchestrating a digital identity data ecosystem from a government perspective,” Electronic Markets, vol. 34, no. 1, p. 50, 2024.
Z. Wang, L. Yu, and L. Zhou, “Navigating the blockchain-driven transformation in industry 4.0: opportunities and challenges for economic and management innovations,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 3507–3549, 2025.
M. Siahaan, S. Kosasi, N. Sukendri, and A. Husain, “Enhancing smes business performance through strategic digital transformation,” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 85–96, 2025.
B. Anthony Jnr, “Toward a collaborative governance model for distributed ledger technology adoption in organizations,” Environment Systems and Decisions, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 276–294, 2022.
R. H. Pardanus and T. Komansilan, “Kerangka kerja konseptual untuk implementasi blockchain dalam sistem manajemen data akademik yang aman dan transparan: Berdasarkan tinjauan literatur,” Edutik: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 475–484, 2026.
M. Rakhmansyah, R. A. Sunarjo, N. Lutfiani, D. P. Riskhandini, A. Shepard, K. Sensor, and A. Data, “Evaluasi keberhasilan implementasi sistem informasi manajemen proyek dalam meningkatkan efektivitas tim kerja,” TECHNOMEDIA JOURNAL : iLearning Journal Center, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 399–408, 2025.
A. Ruangkanjanases, A. Khan, O. Sivarak, U. Rahardja, and S.-C. Chen, “Modeling the consumers’ flow experience in e-commerce: The integration of ecm and tam with the antecedents of flow experience,” Sage Open, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 21582440241258595, 2024.
I. Ullah and P. J. Havinga, “Governance of a blockchain-enabled iot ecosystem: a variable geometry approach,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 22, p. 9031, 2023.
H. Halaburda, N. Levina, and S. Min, “Digitization of transaction terms within tce: Strong smart contract as a new mode of transaction governance,” MIS Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 825–846, 2024.
A. N. Fitriyani, “Keamanan dan keabsahan data akademik berbasis blockchain pada perguruan tinggi indonesia,” Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS), vol. 7, no. 2, feb 2026. [Online]. Available: https://garuda.kemdiktisaintek.go.id/documents/detail/6020804
M. A. S. Lenggu, M. Muhtarom, N. Rangi, and M. Sunengsih, “Digital banking and operational efficiency toward bank sustainability performance,” ADI Journal on Recent Innovation, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 231–241, 2026.
K. Shahzad and S. Hafeez, “Digital trust in business ecosystem collaboration: Leveraging digital technologies to develop a framework,” in Trust, Digital Business and Technology. Routledge, 2022, pp. 242–254.
Y. Yan, H. Liu, H. Zhang, T. Chau, and J. Li, “Designing a generalist education ai framework for multimodal learning and ethical data governance,” Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 14, p. 7758, 2025.
G. Jaferian, D. Ramezani, and M. Wagner, “Blockchain in educational gaming: unveiling opportunities and challenges,” EDULEARN24 proceedings, pp. 1788–1797, 2024.
L. Rivera, V. Gauthier-Uma˜na, and C. Chauhan, “Blockchain: An opportunity to improve supply chains in the wake of digitalization,” International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 100290, 2024.
M. M. Mijwil, M. Aljanabi, M. Abotaleb, B. S. Shukur, I. Bala, K. K. Hiran, R. Doshi, and K. Dhoska, “Exploring the impact of blockchain revolution on the healthcare ecosystem: A critical review,” Mesopotamian Journal of Cybersecurity, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 78–89, 2025.
T. K. Satilmisoglu, Y. Sermet, M. Kurt, and I. Demir, “Blockchain opportunities for water resources management: A comprehensive review,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 2403, 2024.
A. Parhi, “Blockchain in finance: Applications, platforms, and global trends in a decentralizing ecosystem,” Platforms, and Global Trends in a Decentralizing Ecosystem (June 06, 2025), 2025.
E. P. Adeghe, C. A. Okolo, and O. T. Ojeyinka, “Evaluating the impact of blockchain technology in healthcare data management: A review of security, privacy, and patient outcomes,” Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 013–020, 2024.
L. Li, E. Back, S. Lee, R. Shipley, N. Mapitse, S. Elbe, M. Smallman, J. Wilson, I. Yasin, G. Rees et al., “Balancing risks and opportunities: Data-empowered-health ecosystems,” Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 27, p. e57237, 2025.
M. C. Chibuike, S. S. Grobbelaar, and A. Botha, “Overcoming challenges for improved patient-centric care: a scoping review of platform ecosystems in healthcare,” Ieee Access, vol. 12, pp. 14 298–14 313, 2024.
T. Bayan, R. Banach, A. Nurbekov, M. M. Galy, A. Sabyrbayev, and Z. Nurbekova, “Blockchain enhanced integrity verification in educational content assessment platform: A lightweight and costefficient approach,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.19828, 2024.
W. Prinz, T. Rose, and N. Urbach, “Blockchain technology and international data spaces,” in Designing Data Spaces: The Ecosystem Approach to Competitive Advantage. Springer, 2022, pp. 165–180.
A. A. Ayare, V. A. Jadhav, M. K. Banatwala, S. V. Changlere, A. Mote, P. Joshi, A. Mr, V. Ms, and M. Banatwala, “A systematic review on blockchain-based framework for storing educational records using interplanetary file system,” Cureus J Comput Sci, vol. 2, 2025.
M. S. A. ALsheyab, “Legal analysis of the merits of electronic transferable records: toward cross-border trade digitalization,” International Journal of Law and Management, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 145–163, 2025.
W. Chan, K. Gai, J. Yu, and L. Zhu, “Blockchain-assisted self-sovereign identities on education: a survey,” Blockchains, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 3, 2025.
Y. B. Pratyusha and B. Varghese, “A learner-cantered educational landscape: Era of education 5.0 and disruptive technologies,” in Mitigating learner disadvantages in teaching and learning. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025, pp. 159–180.
J. A. Berrios Moya, J. Ayoade, and M. A. Uddin, “A zero-knowledge proof-enabled blockchain-based academic record verification system,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 11, p. 3450, 2025.
W. Huang, Y. Han, Q. Gu, X. Han, and T. Gao, “Smart blockchain-powered natural resource asset management and ecological governance countermeasures,” Heliyon, vol. 11, no. 2, 2025.
J. A. B. Moya, “Blockchain for academic integrity: Developing the blockchain academic credential interoperability protocol (bacip),” arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.15482, 2024.
S. O. Taiwo, O. O. Aramide, and O. R. Tiamiyu, “Blockchain and federated analytics for ethical and secure cpg supply chains,” Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 732–749, 2023.
O. Ferli, N. A. Achsani, T. Andati, and Z. Asikin, “Sustainable business innovation in indonesian firms esg disclosure profitability and greenwashing,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 405–419, 2026.
I. Calzada, G. N´emeth, and M. S. Al-Radhi, “Trustworthy ai for whom? genai detection techniques of trust through decentralized web3 ecosystems,” Big Data and Cognitive Computing, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 62, 2025.